Which of the following describes the cognitive perspective on learning?

The cognitive perspective on learning emphasizes the role of mental processes in understanding how individuals acquire knowledge and skills. This viewpoint posits that learning is not merely about memorization or rote procedures but involves critical thinking, problem-solving, and understanding information in a deeper context. It looks at how learners organize information, form concepts, and engage in active processing to construct their understanding of the world.

By focusing on learning as an intellectual process, this perspective highlights the importance of cognitive development and the mental strategies that learners use. This includes how they encode, store, retrieve, and apply knowledge. Cognitive theorists argue that successful learning requires active engagement with material, fostering a more significant comprehension and allowing skills to be generalized across different contexts.

In contrast, options that describe learning purely as memorization or behavior modification represent more simplistic views that do not account for the complex mental activities that support learning. These alternatives do not recognize learners' active roles in constructing knowledge and adapting their understanding based on new experiences and information.