During which step of the instructional process are motivational techniques primarily used?

Motivational techniques are primarily used during the presentation step of the instructional process. This is the phase where the instructor introduces the material and engages the learners' interest and enthusiasm for the topic. Effective presentation incorporates various motivational strategies, such as relating the content to the learners' needs, using dynamic delivery methods, and presenting real-world applications of the material, all of which help to maintain attention and encourage participation.

In this stage, the goal is to inspire curiosity and facilitate a positive learning environment. As learners become more engaged, they are likely to absorb the information more effectively. Establishing a connection between the material and the learners' personal experiences or goals can also enhance their motivation to learn and apply the knowledge being presented.

While preparation, application, and evaluation steps include important instructional actions, they do not emphasize motivational techniques to the degree seen in presentation. Preparation focuses on organizing and planning the instruction, application involves practicing the newly learned concepts, and evaluation assesses understanding and performance without the primary focus on motivation.