Competencies can be considered as which of the following?

Competencies are essentially the skills, knowledge, and behaviors that an individual needs to perform effectively in their job role. When considering this definition, they align closely with job requirements, as competencies help define what is necessary for successful performance in a specific position. This includes both the technical skills and the soft skills that are required to meet the expectations and responsibilities of that job.

In the context of professional roles, competencies serve as a benchmark for training and development, guiding both employees and organizations in identifying areas for growth. They are not merely certification levels, which denote a formal recognition of competence or achievement in a specific area. They also do not refer to textbook chapters, which are structured contents of learning materials rather than practical applications. Lastly, they aren't performance enhancers, which would imply external tools or methods to improve performance, rather than the intrinsic qualities that define a person’s capability within their role. Thus, defining competencies as job requirements emphasizes their fundamental role in shaping effective work performance.